10 things you (probably) didn't know about Pompeii

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pompeii draws 2.5 million visitors annually, making it one of Europe’s top attractions. Spanning 150 acres (60 hectares), this ancient city offers a captivating glimpse into Roman life before it was frozen in time by Mount Vesuvius’s catastrophic eruption in AD 79. There’s so much to uncover, from weird things like explicit frescoes to ancient letters documenting the fatal eruption. Dive into these fun facts about Pompeii and explore the mysteries that make it a fascinating destination, revealing the daily lives, culture, and secrets of this remarkable ancient city.

1. Pompeii was hidden for centuries

It seems strange now that a city can just disappear. Buried beneath layers of volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius, the city remained hidden for nearly 1500 years. In 1599, architect Domenico Fontana accidentally discovered Pompeii while digging a water tunnel. This accidental find revealed one of the world’s most significant archaeological sites. The volcanic ash preserved buildings, artifacts, and even people, providing an incredible snapshot of Roman civilization. Today, Pompeii offers a unique glimpse into ancient life.

2. Pompeii already had graffiti artists

The people of Pompeii were keen to leave their mark. Over 11,000 samples of graffiti have been uncovered in excavations. But they didn’t just graffiti the exterior of buildings; they did it in their own homes. The words could sometimes be vulgar, but often they were poetic. One line on the staircase of the home of Maius Castricius reads, “Whoever loves, may she fare well.” It certainly beats “Maius was here.”

3. The loaves of bread were 2,000 years old

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD covered Pompeii in 4 to 6 meters (13 to 20 feet) of volcanic ash. The ash preserved the city so well that archaeologists even discovered 81 carbonized loaves of bread! When exploring Pompeii and visiting Mount Vesuvius, remember to drive to the top of the volcano and enjoy a breathtaking view of the Gulf of Naples. Extra points if you take a walk with a volcanologist, who will fill you in on the geological history of Mount Vesuvius.

4. The Greeks were in Pompeii first

Pompeii is thought of as a Roman city, but there is evidence that it was settled by the Greeks. The oldest remains on the site are of a Greek Doric temple that dates back to 6th-century B.C. The best way to explore the ruins of the ancient city and the surrounding area is on a full-day private tour that starts with a scenic drive along the stunning Amalfi Coast, one of the world’s must-see routes.

5. There are explicit frescoes around the city

The citizens of Pompeii were not a prudish bunch. The excavation of the city uncovered many examples of erotic art and artifacts, including some risqué frescoes. In 1819, King Francis I of Naples visited the Pompeii exhibition at the Naples National Archaeological Museum, and he was so outraged by the artwork he ordered it to be locked away. Even today, minors are only allowed to see the work in the company of a guardian. Not all of the paintings in Pompeii are quite so scandalous: there are numerous well-preserved frescoes you can find across the site. Since Pompeii covers an area of 3 km, it’s best to go with someone who knows where to look.

6. Pompeii held the oldest roman amphitheater

The oldest surviving Roman amphitheater, dating back to 70 BC, is the Amphitheater of Pompeii. This impressive structure, which could hold up to 20,000 spectators, is a testament to the advanced architectural skills of the Romans. The amphitheater hosted a variety of public spectacles, including gladiatorial games, a popular form of entertainment in ancient Roman culture.

7. Pompeii had advanced water systems

Pompeii had a highly advanced water system for its time. The city was equipped with Roman aqueducts that brought fresh water from distant sources, supplying running water to public baths, fountains, and private homes. The remains of these systems can still be seen today, offering a fascinating glimpse into ancient urban planning and the importance placed on accessible, clean water.

8. Mount Vesuvius is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world

The famous eruption in AD 79 wasn’t the last time Mount Vesuvius showed its power. The most recent eruption occurred in 1944, causing significant damage and reminding the world of the volcano’s destructive potential. Despite its dormancy in recent decades, Vesuvius remains an active volcano under constant monitoring. Its history of eruptions underscores the ongoing risk to the surrounding region, making it a critical subject of study for volcanologists and a point of interest for volcano hikers.

9. The fatal eruption was documented at the time

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 was documented by Pliny the Younger, a Roman author and lawyer. His letters provide a detailed and eyewitness account of the disaster, describing the eruption’s progression, the panic among the people, and the tragic fate of his uncle, Pliny the Elder. These writings are invaluable historical records, offering a rare and vivid narrative of the catastrophic event. Pliny the Younger’s accounts help historians and archaeologists understand the eruption's impact on Pompeii and its inhabitants.

10. Pompeians loved fast food

Pompeii had numerous thermopolia, which were ancient fast-food establishments. These places served hot food and drinks to the locals, and many have been found with beautifully preserved frescoes and food remnants. These establishments were popular among Pompeii’s residents, providing a quick and convenient meal option. The discovery of thermopolia offers a fascinating insight into Roman culinary habits and social life, revealing how ancient Pompeians dined and interacted.

FAQs

What happened to Pompeii?

Pompeii was buried under volcanic ash and pumice after the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. This disaster preserved the city remarkably well, freezing it in time and providing a detailed snapshot of Roman life. The ash covered buildings, artifacts, and even people, creating a unique archaeological site that offers invaluable insights into ancient Roman civilization.

How was Pompeii discovered?

Pompeii was rediscovered in 1599 by architect Domenico Fontana while digging a water tunnel. However, it wasn’t until 1748 that systematic excavations began, revealing the city’s well-preserved ruins. The volcanic ash had acted as a protective layer, keeping the city largely intact.

Why is Pompeii significant?

Pompeii is significant because the city’s preservation under volcanic ash offers detailed insights into Roman architecture, social structures, and daily activities. Visitors can explore homes, shops, public baths, and even graffiti, making it one of the most important archaeological sites in the world for understanding Roman history and culture.

Can you visit Mount Vesuvius?

Yes, visitors can explore Mount Vesuvius as part of a tour that includes both Pompeii and the volcano. You can drive to the top of Vesuvius and enjoy breathtaking views of the Gulf of Naples.

What are some fun facts about Pompeii?

Pompeii is full of interesting and fun facts. For instance, the city had advanced water systems, ancient fast-food establishments called thermopolia, and the oldest surviving Roman amphitheater. Additionally, the graffiti found on Pompeii’s walls offers a glimpse into its inhabitants’ thoughts and daily lives, revealing everything from political slogans to love declarations.